インドの物流部門：重要要素と機会に関する戦略的評価

原文目次

Abstract

1 Executive Summary

India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world today. This growth is fuelled by growth in infrastructure, booming manufacturing sector, EXIM trade, retail and agricultural related activities amongst others. Logistics assumes central activity in these growth areas. In India logistics cost, as a proportion of GDP, stands today at 13 per cent which is set to rise as the Indian economy shifts from service oriented economy to that of non-service activities, like, manufacturing and food-processing etc. Rural logistics is set to contribute a larger share to this increase as the infrastructure related to agricultural activity unfolds.

With rising disposable income, changing lifestyle, focus of government and private sector on rural and agricultural related activities, the rural logistics has received special attention in the past two to three years. Rural logistics, though lucrative, has a number of challenges which makes it difficult to tap the opportunity. Development of cold chain / warehousing infrastructure, thus, remains at the core of the government' s plan to enable growth of rural areas, provide employment opportunities for rural youths, meet India' s growing food demand etc. Similar is the trend in cities which have witnessed changing lifestyle and shift to consumerism which is further fuelling national intra-trade activity and thus the logistics sector.

Indian economy is opening up and one recent step in this direction is the signing of India-ASEAN trade agreement which will likely to push trade through Eastern Coast of India many folds. The inclusion of India into Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) and civilian nuclear co-operation agreements with USA and France, and another one in pipeline with Russia is a pre-cursor to the increase in trade activities with major powers of the world. By 2030, the economic benefits that will accrue to India' s economy, as a result of the nuclear trade could touch US $500 billion. Further, the government is strengthening the infrastructure with over US $70 billion of investment planned till 2012. Logistics will be one sector which will be the backbone of flourishing trade activity and infrastructure development, and will receive special attention by the government / private sector in coming years.

There are a number of activities in the Indian logistics sector which are broadly classified under ' Hardware' , ' Services' and ' Technology' related activities, however, not all of these activities are core to the growth of the sector. Indian logistics sector offers unique opportunities which are mainly driven by an opening and near double-digit growing economy, and lack of infrastructure in key areas. It may be noted that although, lack of infrastructure acts as an inhibitor, but the dearth of adequate infrastructure also presents unique opportunities to players who are ready for the situation and understand the market. This report identifies such elements which are growth engines of the Indian logistics sector and focuses on understanding opportunities related within these elements.

Identifying strategic logistics elements requires one to understand the supply chain and value chain, EXIM trade elements and their role, government policies and subsidies etc to identify the most critical elements. The report begins with identification of such strategic elements which are then studied in deep for each element to find market structure, growth drivers, barriers to entry, rules / government policies applicable to the market, competition threat and opportunities. Financials are discussed with possible scenarios and their financial / technical analysis, wherever required.

The report identifies ten such strategic growth areas of Indian logistics sector which includes:

• 1. Air Cargo Logistics
• 2. Cold Chain / Cold Storage
• 3. Custom Bonded Warehouse
• 4. Custom House Agents (CHA)
• 5. Distribution Centre (DC)
• 6. ICD / CFS
• 7. Project Cargo
• 8. Road Transport Service Provider
• 9. Sea Ports
• 10. Warehouse

Containerization and rail based logistics are other major strategic growth areas of Indian logistics sector and these are studied under various strategic elements mentioned above, wherever they impact.

The ten strategic elements, mentioned above, are analyzed in detail by understanding data of each sector collected through credible sources and / or primary interviews. Financial outlay, technical competency, return-on-investment, competition analysis and difficulty of implementation are some of the main parameters which will further help identify the right opportunity and rank them through an ' Opportunity Matrix' . These are some of the external parameters that need to be mapped with internal strengths, capabilities and tie-ups or collaborations of an organization to arrive at the most compelling opportunity to pursue. These are largely a function of each company and the report, therefore, analyzes opportunity on the basis of external factors on a macro level with specific illustration of state / city level logistics activities to provide appropriate insights and analyze scenarios.

This report is one step ahead in understanding the strategic elements of Indian logistics sector as it delves into each strategic element and identifies opportunities, rather than skimming over the logistics scenario by reporting facts, figures and new developments.

The report provides insights which can be used to understand the sector and directly assess a particular sector opportunity.

Table of Contents

Contents

Figures

Tables

1 Executive Summary

2 Critical Elements of Indian Logistics Sector

• 2.1 Structural Elements of Indian Logistics Industry
  • 2.1.1 Cargo Import Steps and Important Logistics Elements
  • 2.1.2 Cargo Export Steps and Important Logistics Elements
  • 2.1.3 Other Logistics Elements

3 Strategic Growth Areas of Indian Logistics Sector

• 3.1 Cold Chain / Cold Storage
• 3.2 Air Cargo Logistics
• 3.3 Warehousing in India
• 3.4 Custom Bonded Warehouse
• 3.5 Distribution Centre (DC)
• 3.6 Road Transport Service Provider
• 3.7 Custom House Agents (CHA)
• 3.8 Project Cargo
• 3.9 ICD / CFS
• 3.10 Sea Ports

4 Analysis of Opportunities

• 4.1 Cold Chain Operations
  • 4.1.1 National Opportunity Assessment and Value Chain
  • 4.1.2 Breadth of Cold Chain Operations in India
  • 4.1.3 Cold Storage Types and Storage Needs for various Commodities in India
  • 4.1.4 Cold Storage - Components, Commodities to Store, and Operations
  • 4.1.5 Sources of Finance for Cold Storage in India
  • 4.1.6 Optimal Cold Storage Design
• 4.2 Air Cargo Logistics in India
  • 4.2.1 Prominent Indian Airports - Volume and Volume Growth
  • 4.2.2 Prominent Indian Airports - International Cargo
  • 4.2.3 Cold Storage facility for Exports at Air Cargo Hubs
• 4.3 Warehousing in India
  • 4.3.1 Warehousing Overview, Needs, Classification by Ownership and Services
  • 4.3.2 Warehousing Documents
  • 4.3.3 Warehousing in India - Stakeholders and Roles
  • 4.3.4 Warehousing Opportunity in various Sectors
  • 4.3.5 Pharmaceutical Warehousing and C&F
  • 4.3.6 Value added services in Warehousing
• 4.4 Custom Bonded Warehouse - Need in India and Opportunity Assessment
  • 4.4.1 Overview of Custom Bonded Warehouse
  • 4.4.2 Opportunity Assessment for Custom Bonded Warehouse
• 4.5 Distribution Centre (DC)
  • 4.5.1 Opportunity Assessment
• 4.6 Road Transport Service Provider - Working Models in India, Revenues and Opportunity Assessment
  • 4.6.1 Overview of Business
  • 4.6.2 Supply Chain (Interrelationships) in Indian Road Transport Service Industry
  • 4.6.3 Revenue Earnings - Sources and Potential
  • 4.6.4 Opportunity Assessment
• 4.7 Customs House Agent (CHA) - Market, Customer and Opportunity Assessment
  • 4.7.1 Market Analysis
  • 4.7.2 Customer Analysis: End-users of CHA, Needs and Future Trends
  • 4.7.3 Opportunity Assessment
• 4.8 Project Cargo - Working Model in India, Market Size & Growth, and Critical Success Factors
  • 4.8.1 Operating Model in Project Cargo Business - The Predominant Model
  • 4.8.2 Market Analysis - Size and Growth of Market
  • 4.8.3 Critical Success Factors of CHA Business
• 4.9 ICD/CFS - Market Analysis and Opportunity Assessment in India
  • 4.9.1 Market Analysis of ICDs / CFSs
  • 4.9.2 Opportunity Assessment - Container Traffic and EXIM
• 4.10 Sea Ports - Opportunity Assessment in Containerization and Infrastructure Growth
  • 4.10.1 Containerization - Market Size & Growth, Opportunities / Potential and Expected Future Trends
  • 4.10.2 Sea Port Infrastructure Growth

5 Financials

• 5.1 Cold Storage - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability Assessment through Scenario Analysis
  • 5.1.1 Cold Storage Investment - Subsidized Investment Estimations
  • 5.1.2 Cold Storage Revenues - Break-up and Estimations for Trading / Renting
  • 5.1.3 Cold Storage Expenditure - Major Heads and Prevailing Rates
  • 5.1.4 Projected Profitability of Cold Storage based on Scenario Analysis
• 5.2 Warehousing - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability Assessment through Scenario Analysis
  • 5.2.1 Investment in a Warehouse
  • 5.2.2 Projected Revenue Earnings from a Warehouse
  • 5.2.3 Expenditure - Major Heads and Prevailing Rates
  • 5.2.4 Projected Profitability of a Warehouse based on Scenario Analysis
• 5.3 Custom Bonded Warehouse - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability Assessment
  • 5.3.1 Investment
  • 5.3.2 Setting up a Custom Bonded Warehouse
  • 5.3.3 Revenues and Profitability
• 5.4 Custom House Agent (CHA) - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability Assessment
  • 5.4.1 Investment in setting-up CHA Business
  • 5.4.2 CHA Revenues
  • 5.4.3 CHA Profitability
• 5.5 Project Cargo - Revenues and Profitability Assessment
  • 5.5.1 Revenue Sources in Project Cargo Business
  • 5.5.2 Profitability of Project Cargo Business
• 5.6 Road Transport Service Provider - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability Assessment
  • 5.6.1 Investment - Procurement Cost of Trucks of Various Sizes and Additional Costs incurred
  • 5.6.2 Expenditure - Cost Breakdown, Estimated Annual Financial Operating Costs
  • 5.6.3 Revenues - Freight Rates
  • 5.6.4 Projected Profitability - Scenario Analysis for mix of various Revenue Streams
  • 5.6.5 Additional Comments
• 5.7 ICD / CFS - Revenue Stream Analysis and Profitability
  • 5.7.1 Revenue Streams of ICD/CFS
  • 5.7.2 Revenue Analysis & Profitability of ICD/CFS

6 Conclusion - Overall Assessment of Opportunities

• 6.1 Parameters for Overall Assessment of Opportunities
• 6.2 Assessment of Opportunities
  • 6.2.1 Assessment of Storage (Cold Storage / Warehouse) related Opportunities
  • 6.2.2 Assessment of Critical Elements: Opportunity Matrix

7 Appendix

• 7.1 Inland Waterways of India
  • 7.1.1 Inland Waterways Authority of India
  • 7.1.2 National Waterways of India
• 7.2 Long Distance Freight Rate

8 Profiles, Abbreviations, Notes and Legal Conditions

• 8.1 Profiles
• 8.2 Abbreviations
• 8.3 Notes
• 8.4 Legal Conditions

Figures

• Figure 2-1 Steps in Import Cycle
• Figure 2-2 Steps in Export Cycle
• Figure 3-1 Industry Structure: Road Transport Service Provider
• Figure 3-2 Market Size and Margins: Logistics Pyramid
• Figure 4-1 Presence of Cold Chain Infrastructure in Supply Chain
• Figure 4-2 Breadth of Cold Chain Operations in India
• Figure 4-3 Indian Airports with High Cargo Traffic and High Change in Cargo Traffic
• Figure 4-4 Percentage of International Cargo Handled at Prominent Airports of India
• Figure 4-5 Necessity for Warehousing
• Figure 4-6 Warehouse Classification on the basis of Ownership and Services Provided
• Figure 4-7 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service Provider: Model 1
• Figure 4-8 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service Provider: Model 2
• Figure 4-9 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service Provider: Model 3
• Figure 4-10 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service Provider: Model 4
• Figure 4-11 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service Provider: Model 5
• Figure 4-12 Preferred Model in Market for Project Cargo

Tables

• Table 3-1 Transportation Cost Break-up: Conventional Logistics
• Table 3-2 Transportation Cost Break-up: Cold Chain Logistics
• Table 3-3 Exports data of Four Major Airports of India
• Table 3-4 Import data of Four Major Airports of India
• Table 3-5 Number of Ports by State and Coastal Line
• Table 4-1 Nation-wide Infrastructure Requirement for Various Logistics Units
• Table 4-2 Cold Storage Properties and Shelf-life of major Fruits / Vegetables
• Table 4-3 Storage Capacity and Revenue for Major Commodities
• Table 4-4 Gujarat: Cold Storage and Export Potential of Various Commodities
• Table 4-5 Gujarat: Major Commodities and their Selection Reason for Promotion
• Table 4-6 Cold Storage Rooms with their Prefered Capacities for a 5,000 MT Cold Storage
• Table 4-7 Freight and Mail Cargo Movement on Indian Domestic / International Route for last seven years
• Table 4-8 Container Port Traffic at Important Sea Ports of India
• Table 4-9 Kolkata Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-10 Paradip Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-11 Visakhapatnam Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-12 Chennai Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-13 Tuticorin Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-14 Cochin Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-15 New Mangalore Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-16 Jawarhalal Nehru Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-17 Murmugao Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-18 Mumbai Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-19 Kandla Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 4-20 Ennore Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
• Table 5-1 Investment for 5,000 MT Cold Storage Capacity
• Table 5-2 Revenue Realization by Renting / Trading Commodities in Cold Storage
• Table 5-3 Manpower Cost in a Cold Storage
• Table 5-4 Electricity Expenditure in a Cold Storage for Negative & Positive Rooms
• Table 5-5 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for only Renting Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - I
• Table 5-6 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for only Renting Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - II
• Table 5-7 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for combined Renting and Own Use Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - I
• Table 5-8 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for combined Renting and Own Use Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - II
• Table 5-9 Manpower Cost in Warehousing
• Table 5-10 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability of Warehouse: Scenario - I
• Table 5-11 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability of Warehouse: Scenario - II
• Table 5-12 Procurement Cost of Trucks of Various Sizes
• Table 5-13 Estimated Annual Financial Operating Expenses of Truck Operators
• Table 5-14 Long Distance Road freight Rates (INR) in India for FTL
• Table 5-15 Estimated Annual Financial Profitability of Truck Operators
• Table 5-16 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization Levels: Scenario - I
• Table 5-17 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization Levels: Scenario - II (a)
• Table 5-18 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization Levels: Scenario - II (b)
• Table 6-1 Opportunity Matrix: Storage (Cold Storage / Warehouse) related Opportunities
• Table 6-2 Opportunity Matrix: Assessment of non-storage related Opportunities
• Table 7-1 Long Distance Freight rates (US$) in India for FTL
• Table 8-1 Meaning of Abbreviations and Terms Used in Report

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